Conventional loans are not backed by the federal government, so lenders set their own underwriting standards. The most common baseline is a credit score of about 620. Below that, many lenders will still consider an application, but they usually require a larger cash down payment and may charge a higher interest rate to offset the added risk.

Why credit score matters

Lenders use credit scores to gauge the likelihood that a borrower will repay the loan. A lower score signals a higher probability of default, so lenders protect themselves by asking for more equity up front and by pricing the loan with a higher rate.

Down payment expectations

  • With a score of 620–660, many conventional programs allow as little as 5% down, but some lenders may only go as low as 3% if the borrower’s overall profile is strong.
  • Scores below 620 often require 10% or more down, because the extra cash reduces the lender’s exposure.

Private mortgage insurance (PMI)

Any conventional loan with less than 20% equity triggers a requirement for PMI. This insurance protects the lender if the borrower defaults. The cost is typically added to the monthly payment and can be removed once the loan balance falls below 80% of the home’s value.

Interest rate impact

Because risk is higher, lenders usually add a risk premium to the base rate. In practice, borrowers with credit scores in the low 600s can see rates that are roughly half to one full percentage point higher than rates offered to borrowers with scores above 740.

Rhode Island specifics

  • Most residential closings in Rhode Island are conducted by attorneys rather than title companies, which can affect closing costs and timelines.
  • The Rhode Island Housing and Mortgage Finance Corporation (RHMFC) runs a first‑time‑buyer assistance program that provides down‑payment grants or low‑interest loans, and these can be combined with a conventional loan to offset a higher down‑payment requirement.

Because each lender’s policies differ, it’s important to shop around and ask about the specific credit‑score thresholds, down‑payment requirements, and PMI costs that apply to your situation.

This article provides general information and should not be considered personalized financial advice.